Geothermal energy — heat from underground — is a clean power source, but tapping into it on certain land currently requires a federal drilling permit even when the federal government owns less than half the subsurface rights. This bill would waive that federal permit requirement for geothermal exploration on non-federal surface land where the U.S. holds less than 50% of the subsurface geothermal estate, as long as the operator has a state permit. It would also exempt those activities from the National Environmental Policy Act and Endangered Species Act reviews. Indian lands are excluded from these changes.
Congressional Summary
Harnessing Energy At Thermal Sources Act or the HEATS ActThis bill exempts certain geothermal activities on state and private lands (except Indian lands) from drilling permit requirements as well as environmental and historic preservation review requirements.First, the bill prohibits the Department of the Interior from requiring an operator to obtain a drilling permit under the Geothermal Steam Act of 1970 for any geothermal exploration and production activity conducted on a nonfederal surface estate (i.e., the part of the estate that is above ground) if (1) the United States holds an ownership interest of less than 50% of the subsurface geothermal estate to be accessed by the proposed action, and (2) the operator submits to Interior a state permit to conduct the geothermal exploration and production activity on the nonfederal surface estate. Next, the bill states that such geothermal exploration and production activity is not considered a major federal action under National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Thus, such activity does not trigger NEPA's environmental review requirements.In addition, the bill exempts such activity from the consultation requirements under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. It also exempts the activity from review under the National Historic Preservation Act unless the state in which the activity occurs does not have a state law that addresses the preservation of historic properties.
Legislative Subjects
Details
- Congress
- 119th
- Chamber
- House
- Status
- summarized
- Action
- Introduced in House
- Action Date
- 2025-09-26
- Date Added
- 2026-04-09