The PROTECT Act requires a federal security-review panel — the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) — to screen a type of foreign investment it currently does not cover: brand-new facility construction (called "greenfield investments") and purchases of existing facilities ("brownfield investments") made by companies or governments linked to countries of concern such as China. CFIUS already reviews foreign acquisitions of U.S. businesses, but a foreign adversary government could currently build a new factory on U.S. soil without triggering a mandatory security review. Under this bill, those transactions would require a formal advance declaration and be subject to CFIUS scrutiny whenever the foreign entity has any government ownership connection at or above 5 percent.
Transparency & Accountability
- CFIUS review scope — Greenfield and brownfield investments by foreign-concern-linked entities added to mandatory security screening
- Mandatory filing requirement — Parties to qualifying foreign-concern investments required to submit advance declarations to CFIUS
Congressional Summary
Providing Rigorous Oversight Through Evaluation of Concerning Transactions Act of 2025 or the PROTECT Act of 2025This bill requires the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to review certain real estate investments made by a foreign country of concern in the United States. The bill defines foreign country of concern as China, North Korea, Russia, Iran, or any other country determined to be a country of concern by the Department of State.Specifically, CFIUS must review any investment by a foreign person that (1) involves the acquisition of real estate in the United States and the establishment of a U.S. business on such real estate, and (2) could result in direct or indirect control of that U.S. business by a foreign country of concern. A party to any such investment must submit to CFIUS a declaration containing basic information regarding the transaction.
Details
- Congress
- 119th
- Chamber
- Senate
- Status
- summarized
- Action
- Introduced in Senate
- Action Date
- 2025-04-09
- Date Added
- 2026-06-13
- Source
- Congress.gov →
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